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Abel Seyler
Abel Seyler (23 August 1730, Liestal – 25 April 1801, Rellingen) was a Swiss-born banker, who later became one of the great theatre principals of 18th century Europe. He was "the leading patron of German theatre" in his lifetime,〔Wilhelm Kosch, "Seyler, Abel", in ''Dictionary of German Biography'', eds. Walther Killy and Rudolf Vierhaus, Vol. 9, Walter de Gruyter, 2005, ISBN 3110966298, p. 308〕 and is credited with introducing Shakespeare to a German language audience, and with promoting the concept of a national theatre in the tradition of Ludvig Holberg, the ''Sturm und Drang'' playwrights, and German opera.〔
The son of a Basel calvinist priest and descended from many of the city's leading patrician families, Seyler came to Northern Germany where he became a wealthy merchant and banker in Hamburg, who achieved notoriety for his speculation with financial instruments. After speculating heavily on currency debasement during the Seven Years' War, his company Seyler & Tillemann went spectacularly bankrupt with enormous debts, but he nevertheless retained a portion of his fortune. His great passion was the theatre, and he used his remaining funds to finance and effectively head the Hamburgische Entreprise—also known as the Hamburg National Theatre—employing Lessing as the world's first dramaturg. In 1769, he founded the Seyler Theatre Company, which became one of the most famous theatre companies of Europe during the period 1769–79 and regarded as "the best theatre company in Germany at that time."〔"Herzogin Anna Amalie von Weimar und ihr Theater," in Robert Keil (ed.), ''Goethe's Tagebuch aus den Jahren 1776–1782'', Veit, 1875, p. 69〕 He commissioned works such as ''Sturm und Drang'' by Klinger (which gave its name to the era), ''Ariadne auf Naxos'' by Benda and ''Alceste'' (long regarded as the quintessential German opera) by Schweitzer. Seyler became a freemason in London in 1753 and was a central figure in German freemasonry until his death.
In his first marriage to Sophie Elisabeth Andreae, Seyler had three children, among them the Hamburg banker L.E. Seyler, the senior partner of Berenberg Bank for half a century, who married into the Hanseatic Berenberg/Gossler banking dynasty, and Sophie Seyler, who married the Sturm und Drang poet Johann Anton Leisewitz, the author of ''Julius of Tarent''. His children were raised by his brother in law, the noted natural scientist J.G.R. Andreae. In his second marriage, Abel Seyler was married to Friederike Sophie Seyler, Germany's leading actress of the second half of the 18th century and the author of the opera ''Oberon'', that inspired ''The Magic Flute''. The principal founder of biochemistry and molecular biology Felix Hoppe-Seyler was an adopted son of his grandson. Abel Seyler was named for his great-grandfather, the Basel politician Abel Socin, who belonged to the Italian noble Socin family.
==Background and childhood==
(詳細はLiestal outside Basel in Switzerland. He was the son of the Calvinist clergyman, Dr.theol. Abel Seyler (Seiler) (the elder) (1684–1767), who was parish priest of Frenkendorf-Munzach in Liestal from 1714 to 1763, and Anna Katharina Burckhardt (1694–1773), who belonged to the Basel patrician Burckhardt family.〔Johann Jakob Brodbeck, ''Geschichte der Stadt Liestal'', A. Brodbeck, 1865〕 He was descended on both his parents' sides from some of the most prominent families of the Basel ''Daig'', the city-state's ''de facto'' aristocracy. He was a paternal grandson of the noted theologian Friedrich Seyler and Elisabeth Socin, a member of an Italian-origined noble family originally from Tuscany. He was named for his great-grandfather, the Basel judge and envoy to the French court Abel Socin (1632–1695). On his mother's side he was also descended from the Merian and Faesch families. He was also a matrilineal descendant of Justina Froben, daughter of the humanist Johann Froben. He had a sister, Elisabeth Seiler (1715–1798), married to parish priest Daniel Merian.
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